Weight-loss plateau or fat-loss plateau?
You’ve been strictly adhering to your diet, putting in hours at the gym each week, chugging back skinny teas, and eating so much kale you would think you’d be sweating green. Despite your greatest efforts, you are unhappy with what you see in the mirror, and the scale just isn’t changing as you hoped. Does this sound frighteningly familiar? Don’t throw in the towel just yet. You might, indeed, be burning fat and just not noticing it due to something called water retention.
Our bodies retain water for several reasons, and it’s a natural process. Water weight does not equate to fat. However, knowing this doesn’t make it any less frustrating and discouraging, especially if you are trying to see results!
How can water retention mimic fat?
When our bodies refrain from releasing excess water, this water accumulates and resides within the tissues between our cells. As a result, your body may start to adopt a softer, squishier look and feel. The water will push on your tissues, filling out any definition or muscle cuts you may have. You might feel fuller, puffier, or just plain bloated. This type of water retention doesn’t only affect the midsection; excess water can be carried in your limbs and extremities as well.
So what does this tell us? You could have unknowingly burned some fat weeks ago, but until the water flushes out your body, you won’t notice a drop in weight, visually or objectively (on the scale). This is yet another way that your beloved bathroom scale can be misleading!
Take note that the deception of water retention is more apparent in individuals who are already lean. Once the water is dropped, muscle definition and a trimmer silhouette will be much clearer the less body fat a person has. Nonetheless, figuring out how to manage water retention can benefit and motivate everyone regardless of body type or where a person is in his/her fitness journey.
What causes increased water weight?
1. Increased cortisol
Ah, the stress hormone! Dun, dun, dun.
Cortisol is needed in the body to regulate energy levels. However, when our bodies produce too much cortisol for too long a time, we start to experience the detriments. Some of these ill-effects include slowed metabolism, easier weight gain, increased belly fat, and yes, water retention!
Some of your best intentioned efforts for weight loss could actually be sending your cortisol levels skyrocketing. These can include:
A.) Prolonged Calorie Deficit
If this isn’t another perfect example of why starvation diets don’t work, I don’t know what is. The human body views restriction of caloric intake as a biological stressor because there is much less energy available for function, and as a result, cortisol production increases. Additionally, the process of counting calories and macros can be emotionally and mentally stressful for many people, and this added stress will also increase cortisol in the body.
In order to reduce cortisol levels, refeeds (taking a short break from your diet, adding more calories in, and eating at maintenance or slightly above maintenance level calories) can be incorporated once a week or every few days (depends on your individual needs and body). An increased consumption of calories, particularly carbohydrates, can actually help flush out some water
*The key here is to realize I’m not recommending eating large amounts of food daily or very often. That will just have the opposite effect than the one you are seeking. However, diet breaks and refeeds may help accelerate weight loss/ water loss in individuals who have been strictly dieting for long periods of time. Work with a health coach or a professional who is knowledgeable about fitness nutrition to learn more about this phenomenon.
B.) Overtraining & Lack of Adequate Rest
Just as intense dieting can prompt cortisol to rise, so can intense workouts. High intensity cardio workouts such as interval training, running, and weight lifting have countless benefits, many which far offset any undesirable effects. However, it is true that frequent high-intensity exercise routines elevate cortisol, whereas low-intensity workouts such as yoga can lower cortisol levels.
Just know that you will still be burning fat as long as you incorporate some balance into your regime and are not overtraining. If you are running miles each day or taking cross-fit style classes 5x a week and not seeing results (because of chronically elevated cortisol), it is probably time to take a step back & reduce your exercise frequency and intensity.
This may be difficult for so many people to accept and try because it is conflicts with what we have always learned and done (i.e., dramatically reduce calories and force yourself through grueling cardio workouts each day). However, I challenge you to try implementing this change and see if your body feels and looks leaner in a couple week’s time.
2. Sodium & Potassium Imbalance
It’s no secret that salt can cause unwanted bloating and swelling. Consumption of large amounts of sodium results in water being temporarily retained in our cells. This explains why people who suddenly limit or abstain from salt often see an immediate drop in weight. It is more likely that they are dropping water weight, rather than experiencing shrinking of their fat cells in the initial stages of dieting.
In order to balance the fluid levels in our cells and release water from salt, we can increase potassium intake. While salt draws water into our cells, potassium flushes it out and therefore, reduces water retention.
Keep your salt intake in check, drink a lot of water, and make sure you are getting enough potassium in your diet to avoid the unpleasant effects of this imbalance.
3. Dehydration
This sounds almost paradoxical, but the more water you drink, the less water your body will hold onto. The human body is smart and will do anything it can do ensure survival and proper functioning. If you aren’t providing your body with enough fluids, it will adapt and overcompensate, storing the water it does have. It does so by releasing other hormones that increase water retention.
Feeling extra puffy? Drink 8 or more glasses of water daily. Squeeze lemon juice or add a splash of pure cranberry juice to enhance detoxification and accelerate the flushing out of water.
*Keep in mind that there are some other things that can cause water retention as well, such as menstrual cycles and birth control pills in women.
Putting Knowledge into Action
So now that we know what increases water weight and different reasons for a weight-loss plateau, what changes can we implement to better manage these issues?
1. Bring balance to your weekly workout routine (Incorporate strength training, flexibility training, and cardio exercise)
2. Participate in relaxing activities (e.g., meditation, massage, spa, yoga) more often
3. Ensure that you are nourishing your body with adequate nutrition and calories
4. Incorporate periodic refeeds if you are dieting
5. Drink plenty of water (8-12 cups per day or more depending on physical activity)
6. Reduce salt intake
7. Increase potassium intake
8. Ensure that you are getting an adequate amount of sleep and high quality sleep
9. Be patient with your body & remember that a weight loss plateau is not always a fat loss plateau.
Do these changes still seem daunting? A health coach can help you implement these practices and see the results you desire! :)